Tonsillitis: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment Options

Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, the two lymph nodes located at the back of the throat. It can occur at any age but is most common in children aged 5-15.

Common Symptoms

• Sore throat (often severe)
• Difficulty swallowing
• Fever (38°C/100.4°F or higher)
• Swollen, red tonsils (sometimes with white/yellow patches)
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
• Bad breath
• Headache
• Voice changes (muffled or hoarse voice)

In children, may also include:

• Abdominal pain
• Drooling (from swallowing difficulty)
• Refusal to eat

Main Causes

1. Viral Infections (Most common – 70% of cases)

• Adenovirus
• Influenza virus
• Epstein-Barr virus (causing mononucleosis)

2. Bacterial Infections (15-30% of cases)

• Group A Streptococcus (strep throat)
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Haemophilus influenzae

Diagnosis Methods

1. Physical exam (throat inspection)
2. Throat swab (rapid strep test or culture)
3. Blood tests (if mononucleosis suspected)

Treatment Options

For Viral Tonsillitis

• Rest and hydration
• Pain relievers (acetaminophen/ibuprofen)
• Throat lozenges or warm salt water gargles
• Symptoms typically resolve in 3-4 days

For Bacterial Tonsillitis

• Antibiotics (usually penicillin for 10 days)
• Complete full course even if symptoms improve
• May require different antibiotic if allergic

Surgical Option (Tonsillectomy)

Considered if:

• 7+ episodes in 1 year
• 5+ episodes/year for 2 years
• 3+ episodes/year for 3 years
• Sleep apnea or breathing difficulties

Home Care & Relief

• Drink warm liquids (tea with honey)
• Use humidifier
• Avoid irritants (smoke, spicy foods)
• Eat soft, cool foods (yogurt, ice cream)

When to Seek Medical Help

• Difficulty breathing
• Inability to swallow liquids
• Symptoms lasting >48 hours
• Fever >39°C/102°F
• Severe dehydration signs

Prevention Tips

• Frequent hand washing
• Avoid sharing utensils
• Replace toothbrush after infection
• Boost immune system (balanced diet, sleep)

Note: For personalized medical advice, always consult a healthcare professional.