A stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA), occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, either due to a blockage (ischemic stroke) or bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke). This can lead to brain cell death and permanent damage if not treated quickly.

Main Symptoms of Stroke

• Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body (face, arm, or leg).
• Difficulty speaking or understanding speech.
• Loss of balance or coordination.
• Severe headache with no known cause (common in hemorrhagic stroke).
• Vision problems (blurred or lost vision in one or both eyes).

If you notice these signs, seek emergency medical help immediately—early treatment saves lives!

Types of Stroke

1. Ischemic Stroke (Most Common – ~85% of cases): Caused by a blood clot blocking a brain artery.
2. Hemorrhagic Stroke: Occurs when a blood vessel ruptures, causing bleeding in the brain.
3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA or “Mini-Stroke”): A temporary blockage with stroke-like symptoms that resolve within 24 hours (but requires medical attention).

Main Causes & Risk Factors

• High blood pressure (leading cause).
• Heart disease (e.g., atrial fibrillation).
• Diabetes (increases artery damage risk).
• High cholesterol (contributes to clots).
• Smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle.
• Age (higher risk after 55) and family history.

Diagnosis & Treatment

• Immediate tests: CT scan or MRI to determine stroke type.
• Ischemic stroke treatment: Clot-busting drugs (like alteplase) or mechanical thrombectomy.
• Hemorrhagic stroke treatment: Surgery to stop bleeding and relieve pressure.
• Rehabilitation: Physical therapy, speech therapy, and lifestyle changes to prevent recurrence.

How to Prevent a Stroke

• Control blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol.
• Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy diet (low salt, saturated fats).
• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol.
• Treat underlying heart conditions.

When to See a Doctor

Seek emergency care if stroke symptoms appear—time is critical! Early intervention reduces brain damage and improves recovery chances.

Note: For exact medical advice, always consult a healthcare professional.