Appendicitis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Appendicitis?

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a small, finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine. It is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment, usually surgical removal (appendectomy). If left untreated, the appendix can rupture, leading to serious complications.

Symptoms of Appendicitis

The most common signs and symptoms include:

Early Symptoms

• Abdominal pain that begins around the navel and moves to the lower right side
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting (usually after pain starts)
• Low-grade fever (37.5°C–38.5°C / 99.5°F–101.3°F)

Worsening Symptoms (Medical Emergency)

• Severe, sharp pain in the lower right abdomen
• Pain worsens with movement, coughing, or sneezing
• Abdominal swelling
• High fever (above 38.5°C / 101.3°F)
• Diarrhea or constipation

⚠️ If the appendix ruptures:

• Sudden relief of pain (followed by worsening infection)
• High fever, chills, and severe abdominal swelling

Causes & Risk Factors

• Blockage of the appendix (by stool, parasites, or enlarged lymphoid tissue)
• Infection (bacterial or viral)
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Trauma to the abdomen

Who is at Risk?

• Most common in ages 10–30
• Slightly more frequent in males
• Family history of appendicitis

Diagnosis

1. Physical Exam (checking for rebound tenderness)
2. Blood Tests (high white blood cells indicate infection)
3. Urine Test (to rule out UTIs or kidney stones)
4. Imaging Tests (ultrasound or CT scan)

Treatment Options

1. Surgery (Appendectomy)

• Laparoscopic surgery (minimally invasive, small incisions)
• Open surgery (if the appendix has ruptured)
• Recovery time: 1–3 weeks

2. Antibiotics (For Mild Cases or Before Surgery)

• Used if surgery is delayed
• May prevent rupture in early-stage appendicitis

Possible Complications

• Peritonitis (infection of the abdominal lining)
• Abscess formation (pus-filled pocket)
• Sepsis (life-threatening infection spread)

When to See a Doctor Immediately

• Sudden, severe abdominal pain
• Pain that migrates to the lower right side
• Fever with nausea/vomiting
• Inability to pass gas or stool

Prevention Tips

• High-fiber diet (may reduce blockage risk)
• Stay hydrated
• Seek prompt treatment for persistent abdominal pain

Conclusion

Appendicitis is a medical emergency—delaying treatment can be life-threatening. If you experience symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.

Note: For personalized medical advice, always consult a healthcare professional.