Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common cause of dementia in older adults and worsens over time.

Main Symptoms of Alzheimer’s

Symptoms develop gradually and may include:

• Memory loss (forgetting recent events, names, or conversations).
• Confusion (getting lost in familiar places).
• Difficulty with language (trouble finding words).
• Mood and personality changes (irritability, depression, or anxiety).
• Problems with daily tasks (managing finances, personal hygiene).

Early diagnosis can help manage symptoms and slow progression.

Causes & Risk Factors

The exact cause is unknown, but contributing factors include:

• Age (most common in people over 65).
• Genetics (family history increases risk).
• Brain protein abnormalities (beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles).
• Lifestyle factors (smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise).
• Head injuries (severe trauma may increase risk).

Stages of Alzheimer’s

1. Mild (Early Stage): Forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating.
2. Moderate (Middle Stage): Increased confusion, personality changes.
3. Severe (Late Stage): Loss of speech, inability to perform basic tasks.

Diagnosis & Treatment

• Medical exams: Cognitive tests, brain imaging (MRI/CT), and blood tests.
• Medications: Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil) and memantine to slow symptoms.
• Therapies: Cognitive stimulation, occupational therapy, and caregiver support.

How to Reduce Risk

• Stay mentally active (reading, puzzles, learning new skills).
• Exercise regularly (improves blood flow to the brain).
• Eat a brain-healthy diet (Mediterranean diet rich in omega-3s).
• Control chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension).

When to See a Doctor

Consult a neurologist if you or a loved one shows persistent memory problems or behavioral changes.

Alzheimer’s has no cure, but early intervention can improve quality of life.

Note: For personalized medical advice, always consult a healthcare professional.